There is a belief, that increased muscle growth is linked with tumor growth and development.
Muscle development involves inflammatory process and a large number of cytokines- prostaglandins play a key role in the mechanisms responsible for inflammation.
Hormones as insulin, insulin like growth factor (IGF1) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are necessary for anabolism.
In particular, mTOR regulates cell growth, cell proliferation and promotes the activation of insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors.
However, over-activation of mTOR signaling significantly contributes to the initiation and development of tumors; same as with IGF1 that promotes tissue growth and hyperplastic phenomena.
Somatomedin C is released from the liver under exogenous use of Somatropin.
Also under high caloric intake when insulin is released from pancreas, liver also releases insulin growth factor.
It is remarkable that the opposite process occurs under fasting and elevation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
IGF1, insulin and mTOR lower and muscle growth is hindered.
Without calories, muscles “shrink” and AMPK protein elevates, linked to longevity.
Metformin is also known to induce this procedure and is speculated to be a preventing drug against cancer.
Metformin reduces fasting plasma glucose concentrations, by reducing rates of hepatic glucose production, inhibits protein glycosylation and is also is considered as anti aging medication.
Metformin is also alternatively used to insulin from bodybuilders who abuse growth hormone (GH).
As known, GH is diabetogenic and leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (DM2).