1) HGH (GROWTH HORMONE-SOMATOTROPIN):
– acromegaly (arthritis, fatigue fractures)
– diabetes mellitus type II (non insulin dependent), hypothyroidism
– cardiomegaly (chronic abuse) => increased rate of cardiovascular disease and progressive heart failure
– carpal tunnel syndrome
– obstructive sleep apnea (thickening of the upper airways: pharynx, larynx and glottis) => hypoventilation and low oxygenation in the brain
– association with colorectal cancer, leukemia, prostate, melanoma (promotion of IGF1 hypersecretion)
2) INSULIN:
– hypoglycemic episode (Slow release insulin)=> cold sweat, chills, cool, pale skin, dry mouth, fast heartbeat, tightness in the chest=> collapsus => coma => death
– lipodystrophy (Long-term use of insulin can cause lipodystrophy at the site of repeated insulin injections. Lipodystrophy includes lipohypertrophy-thickening of adipose tissue-and lipoatrophy-thinning of adipose tissues)
3) DIURETICS:
– hypovolemia and dehydration=> hypotension=> hypovolemic shock => collapsus
– reduction of all electrolytes and minerals (furosemide) => hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia => muscle spasms/cramps and metabolic alkalosis
– elevation of potassium (hyperkalemia) and metabolic acidosis (spironolactone) => severe arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation) => cardiac arrest
– dose-dependent gynecomastia (abuse of spironolactone)
4) STIMULANTS:
CLENBUTEROL- b2 stimulant with sympathomimetic, adrenergic action.
– cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), palpitations due to the positive inotropic effect on the cardiac muscle => heart attack, cardiac arrest
– angina pectoris (ischemic effect) as a result of vasoconstriction
– direct cardiotoxic effect on the myocardium tissue with necrotic scars
– increased blood pressure => headache, epistaxis, hemorrhagic stroke
– rapid breathing-respiration
– sweating, hand tremors, restlessness and insomnia
– nausea
– hypokalemia (decrease in serum potassium levels) =>muscle spasms – cramps.
EPHEDRINE- a, b stimulant with sympathomimetic, adrenergic action.
– sweating, hand tremors, restlessness and hypomania
– severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
– increased blood pressure => headache, epistaxis, hemorrhagic stroke
– cardiac arrhythmias
– hyperpyrexia
– insomnia
CAFFEINE-methylxanthine with stimulant action in the central and autonomous nervous system.
– irritability-restlessness, tremor, sweating, anxiety and panic disorder
– rapid breathing-respiration
– nausea and diarrhea
– cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia – fibrillation), precordial chest pain
– increased blood pressure => headache
– mild form of dependence associated with withdrawal symptoms (fatigue, headache, irritability, depressed mood, inability to concentrate, sleepiness or drowsiness, stomach pain and joint pain)
THYROXINE
– cardiac arrhythmias (tachycardia), heart palpitations
– triggering angina or congestive heart failure
– increased bowel motility
– exophthalmos (eyes bulging)
– insomnia
– sweating, restlessness, irritability, anxiety, sleep disorders
– muscle catabolism and regain of weight, after cessation (typical rebound effect, since BMR drops)
AMPHETAMINES- stimulant with adrenergic action in the myocardium and psychotropic in the central nervous system.
– increased blood pressure=> headache, epistaxis
– hypertensive episode => hemorrhagic stroke due to aneurysm rupture
– nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, blurred vision, dry mouth
– erectile dysfunction
– contraction in the urinary bladder sphincter => difficulty urinating
– cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia) => heart attack, cardiac arrest
– emotional instability, tremors, anxiety, insomnia, hypomania , “amphetamine psychosis “ ( delusions, paranoia)
– dependence and addiction associated with withdrawal symptoms (anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, increased appetite, sleep disorders)
5) RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN-rEPO – glycoprotein, produced by recombinant DNA technology,that has the same biological activity as the endogenous hormone, which induces erythropoiesis.
– hyperviscosity due to polycythemia => increased peripheral vascular resistance => thrombotic complications: deep venous thrombosis , pulmonary embolism, stroke
– increased blood pressure => headache, blurred vision, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accident or myocardial infarction
– association with myeloid malignancies (myelodysplastic syndromes/leukemia (EPO can act as a growth factor for any tumor type, particularly blood malignancies)