– Using supplements and dairy products with phytosterols (plant based estrogens) – Avoidance of excessive saturated fat and trans fat/refined carbohydrates-sugars – Regular use of coenzyme Q10, which has the ability to increase aerobic energy production of myocardium, along with magnesium,
The intake of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) burdens the kidneys through the process of glomerular filtration in the renal parenchyma. The first stage of AAS metabolism takes place into the liver, but later chemicals pass through the glomerulus and renal
The abuse of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED’s) has been associated with the occurrence of serious cardiovascular events in athletes, including the development of cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension and thrombosis. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) disturb serum levels of
The athlete’s heart is a deviation of a normal shaped myocardium. It is a natural response, a physiological remodeling to the continuous stimulus of strenuous physical activity, such as endurance running under high intensity. Many studies have shown that cardiac adjustment varies,
The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are highly toxic to the hepatocyte and cause significant damage, both to the structure and function of the hepatic parenchyma. Especially the hepatotoxic 17 alkylated orals, which significantly disrupt the excretory function of the organ. Alkylation
Before the beginning of a cycle, it is necessary for the steroid user, to undergo specific laboratory tests, in order to evaluate his general health condition. Adverse effects and possible tissue damage is dependent on various parameters, such as age,
1) HGH (GROWTH HORMONE-SOMATOTROPIN): – acromegaly (arthritis, fatigue fractures) – diabetes mellitus type II (non insulin dependent), hypothyroidism – cardiomegaly (chronic abuse) => increased rate of cardiovascular disease and progressive heart failure – carpal tunnel syndrome – obstructive sleep apnea
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: – Reduction of HDL, increased LDL/TC => atheromatic index distortion (> 5) => increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) – Cardiomegaly & Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (larger left ventricular mass, left ventricular index and interventricular septum thicknesses) =>
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur amino acid, which is biosynthesized during the metabolism of methionine to cysteine mainly involving the B complex vitamins. It is a toxic residue of the metabolism, linked to cardiovascular disease, when accumulated. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces endothelial
In men, there is a homeostatic mechanism that interacts between hypothalamus-pituitary-testicles the Hypothalamic Pituitary Testicular Axis (HPTA), which is regulated interactively. Hypothalamus interacts with hypophysis, the pituitary gland located at the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and gonads (testicles),